Associação entre as condições de nascimento e a densidade mineral óssea de adultos das coortes de nascimentos de 1982 e 1993 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Association between birth conditions and bone mineral density in adults from the 1982 and 1993 birth cohorts in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil / Asociación entre las condiciones de nacimiento y la densidad mineral ósea de adultos de las cohortes de nacimiento de 1982 y 1993 en Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Resumo: Este estudo avaliou a associação do peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e crescimento intrauterino com a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) aos 22 e 30 anos, nas coortes de nascimentos de 1982 e 1993 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A DMO foi medida por absorciometria por raios X com dupla energia (DXA), a associação foi avaliada usando análise de variância e a regressão linear múltipla para o controle de confundimento por: sexo, renda familiar ao nascer, tabagismo materno na gestação, escolaridade materna, cor da pele materna e índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional. Foi testado se a gordura corporal na vida adulta era mediadora da associação analisada, por meio da G-computation Formula. Foram avaliados 6.803 participantes das coortes de 1982 e 1993, aos 30 e 22 anos, respectivamente. O peso ao nascer teve associação com a DMO em todos os sítios, com maior diferença no colo femoral. Os nascidos com menos de 2.000g apresentaram, em média, -0,036g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,064; -0,008) de DMO no colo femoral em comparação àqueles com mais de 3.500g. Aqueles com escore-z de crescimento intrauterino com pelo menos 1,28 desvio padrão abaixo da média apresentaram, em média, -0,013g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,024; -0,002) de DMO na coluna lombar, em relação aos com escore-z acima da média. A análise de mediação mostrou que gordura corporal na idade adulta não mediou a associação. As condições de nascimento foram associadas com a densidade mineral óssea na vida adulta, e a identificação dos fatores precoces relacionados à perda de DMO é essencial devido à inversão demográfica em progresso em países de média e baixa renda.

Abstract: This study assessed the association of birth weight, gestational age, and intrauterine growth with bone mineral density (BMD) at 22 and 30 years of age in the 1982 and 1993 birth cohorts in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the association was assessed using analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was used to control for confounding factors: sex; household income at birth; maternal smoking during pregnancy; maternal schooling; maternal ethnicity/skin color; and pre-pregnancy body mass index. The study tested whether body fat in adulthood was a mediator of the association analyzed, using the G-computation Formula. A total of 6,803 participants from the 1982 and 1993 cohorts were evaluated at 30 and 22 years of age, respectively. Birth weight was associated with BMD at all sites, with a greater difference at the femoral neck. Individuals born weighing less than 2,000g had on average -0.036g/cm2 (95%CI: -0.064; -0.008) of BMD in the femoral neck than individuals weighing more than 3,500g. Individuals with an intrauterine growth z-score at least 1.28 standard deviation below the mean had an average of -0.013g/cm2 (95%CI: -0.024; -0.002) of BMD in the lumbar spine compared with individuals with an above-average z-score. The mediation analysis showed that body fat in adulthood did not mediate the association. Birth conditions have been associated with BMD in adulthood and the identification of early factors related to bone loss is essential due to the demographic inversion that has been taking place in low- and middle-income countries.

Resumen: Este estudio evaluó la asociación del peso al nacer, la edad gestacional y el crecimiento intrauterino con la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) a los 22 y 30 años de edad, en las Cohortes de Nacimiento de 1982 y 1993 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La DMO se midió mediante absorciometría de rayos X de doble emisión (DXA), y la asociación se evaluó mediante ANOVA y regresión lineal múltiple para controlar la confusión por sexo, ingresos familiares al nacer, tabaquismo materno durante el embarazo, escolaridad materna, color de piel materno e índice de masa corporal antes del embarazo. Se comprobó si la grasa corporal en la edad adulta era un mediador de la asociación analizada, utilizando G-computation Formula. Se evaluaron 6.803 participantes de las cohortes 82 y 93, de 30 y 22 años, respectivamente. El peso al nacer se asoció con la DMO en todos los sitios, con la mayor diferencia en el cuello femoral. Los nacidos con un peso inferior a 2.000g tuvieron una media de -0,036g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,064; -0,008) de DMO en el cuello femoral, que aquellos con más de 3.500g. Aquellos con una puntuación z de crecimiento intrauterino de al menos 1,28 desviaciones estándar por debajo de la media presentaron un promedio de -0,013g/cm2 (IC95%: -0,024; -0,002) de DMO en la columna lumbar, con relación a aquellos con un puntaje z superior a la media. El análisis de mediación mostró que la grasa corporal en la edad adulta no medió la asociación. Las condiciones de nacimiento se asociaron con la DMO en la edad adulta, y la identificación temprana de factores relacionados con la pérdida de DMO es esencial debido a la inversión demográfica que ha estado ocurriendo en los países de ingresos medios y bajos.

La suplementación con zinc favorece el crecimiento intrauterino en fetos de ratas diabéticas / Zinc supplementation favours intrauterine growth in diabetic rat fetuses

La deficiencia de zinc puede ser un factor mediador en los trastornos del crecimiento fetal en la descendencia de la gestante diabética. Se persiguió como objetivo determinar la influencia de un suplemento con zinc sobre la morfometría externa corporal y craneofacial en fetos de ratas diabéticas con hiperglucemias moderadas. Durante la gestación, ratas diabéticas y controles fueron suplementadas por vía oral con sulfato de zinc (50 mg/kg-pc) o no recibieron tratamiento. Los fetos descendientes del grupo diabético suplementado presentaron niveles similares a los controles en las variables de crecimiento somático determinadas. La suplementación con zinc a ratas diabéticas favoreció el crecimiento intrauterino en los fetos. Los resultados de esta investigación constituyen aportes para dilucidar los requerimientos de zinc que permitan prevenir los trastornos del crecimiento fetal en la descendencia de gestantes diabéticas.

Zinc deficiency may be a mediating factor in fetal growth disorders in the offspring of diabetic pregnant women. The objective was to determine the influence of a zinc supplement on external body and craniofacial morphometry in diabetic rat fetuses with moderate hyperglycemia. During gestation, diabetic and control rats were orally supplemented with zinc sulphate (50 mg/kg bw) or received no treatment. The fetuses descendants of the supplemented diabetic group had levels similar to the control ones in the determined somatic growth variables. Zinc supplementation to diabetic rats favoured intrauterine growth in fetuses. The results of this research constitute a contribution to elucidate zinc requirements that allow preventing fetal growth disorders in the offspring of diabetic pregnant women.

Resultados perinatales del crecimiento intrauterino restringido. Cienfuegos, 2022

Fundamento: el crecimiento intrauterino restringido necesita un manejo intensivo prenatal para determinar el estado fetal y el tiempo del parto. Objetivo: describir los resultados perinatales del crecimiento intrauterino restringido. Métodos: estudio de serie de casos desarrollado en el Hospital de Cienfuegos, en el 2022. Se estudiaron las variables: tipo de crecimiento intrauterino retardado, resultados del ultrasonido Doppler en vasos maternos y fetales, enfermedades que complicaron el embarazo, tipo de parto, peso y tiempo gestacional al parto, resultados adversos perinatales. Se comparó la distribución de variables de importancia en la clínica con los resultados adversos perinatales. Resultados: el crecimiento restringido afectó al 4,7 % de los partos, el 25 % fue de inicio precoz; el 17,3 % presentó preeclampsia, el 41,3 % tuvo IPM ArUt >95 p. El 14,4 % de los fetos presentó alteraciones en los flujos del Doppler (ICP<5 p con 42 %); el 98 % tuvo crecimiento restringido grado I. El 19 % de las gestantes necesitó interrupción del embarazo en semana 34 o antes. Se realizó cesárea al 44,6 % y el 18,7 % de los recién nacidos vivos necesitó ingreso en UCIN; hubo tres muertes neonatales y dos muertes fetales tardías. Los resultados adversos perinatales fueron más frecuentes en fetos con ICP<5 p, el parto antes de las 34 semanas y el peso al nacer menor de 1500 g (p<0,05). Conclusiones: la alteración del índice cerebro placentario en el feto, nacer antes de las 34 semanas y peso inferior a 1500 g al nacer, eleva el riesgo adverso perinatal en los fetos/neonatos con crecimiento intrauterino restringido.

Foundation: restricted intrauterine growth requires intensive prenatal management to determine fetal status and delivery time. Objective: To describe the perinatal outcomes of restricted intrauterine growth. Methods: case series study developed at the Cienfuegos Hospital in 2022. The studied variables were: type of delayed intrauterine growth, results of Doppler ultrasound in maternal and fetal vessels, diseases that complicated the pregnancy, type of delivery, weight and gestational time to delivery, adverse perinatal outcomes. The distribution of clinically important variables was compared with adverse perinatal outcomes. Results: delayed growth affected 4.7% of births, 25% had early onset; 17.3% had preeclampsia, 41.3% had MPI ArUt >95 p. 14.4% of fetuses presented alterations in Doppler flows (ICP<5 p with 42%); 98% had restricted growth grade I. 19% of pregnant women needed termination of pregnancy at week 34 or before. A cesarean section was performed in 44.6% and 18.7% of live newborns required admission to the NICU; there were three neonatal deaths and two late fetal deaths. Adverse perinatal outcomes were more frequent in fetuses with ICP<5 p, delivery before 34 weeks and birth weight less than 1500 g (p<0.05). Conclusions: the alteration of the cerebroplacental index in the fetus, birth before 34 weeks and weight less than 1500 g at birth, increases the adverse perinatal risk in fetuses/neonates with restricted intrauterine growth.

Prediction of Perinatal and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Newborns with a Birth Weight below the 3rd Percentile: Performance of Two International Curves - Prospective Cohort from a Brazilian City / Predição de resultados perinatais e de neurodesenvolvimento em recém-nascidos com peso ao nascer abaixo do percentil 3: Desempenho de duas curvas internacionais - coorte prospectiva de uma cidade brasileira

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the performance of Intergrowth-21 st (INT) and Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) curves in predicting perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes in newborns weighing below the 3rd percentile. Methods Pregnant women with a single fetus aged less than 20 weeks from a general population in non-hospital health units were included. Their children were evaluated at birth and in the second or third years of life. Newborns (NB) had their weight percentiles calculated for both curves. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the ROC curve (ROC-AUC) for perinatal outcomes and neurodevelopmental delay were calculated using birth weight < 3rd percentile as the cutoff. Results A total of 967 children were evaluated. Gestational age at birth was 39.3 (± 3.6) weeks and birth weight was 3,215.0 (± 588.0) g. INT and FMF classified 19 (2.4%) and 49 (5.7%) newborns below the 3rd percentile, respectively. The prevalence of preterm birth, tracheal intubation >24 hours in the first three months of life, 5th minute Apgar <7, admission to a neonatal care unit (NICU admission), cesarean section rate, and the neurodevelopmental delay was 9.3%, 3.3%, 1.3%, 5.9%, 38.9%, and 7.3% respectively. In general, the 3rd percentile of both curves showed low sensitivity and PPV and high specificity and NPV. The 3rd percentile of FMF showed superior sensitivity for preterm birth, NICU admission, and cesarean section rate. INT was more specific for all outcomes and presented a higher PPV for the neurodevelopmental delay. However, except for a slight difference in the prediction of preterm birth in favor of INT, the ROC curves showed no differences in the prediction of perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Conclusion Birth weight below the 3rd percentile according to INT or FMF alone was insufficient for a good diagnostic performance of perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The analyzes performed could not show that one curve is better than the other in our population. INT may have an advantage in resource contingency scenarios as it discriminates fewer NB below the 3rd percentile without increasing adverse outcomes.

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar o desempenho das curvas de Intergrowth-21 st (INT) e Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) na predição de resultados perinatais e de neurodesenvolvimento de recém-nascidos com peso abaixo do percentil 3. Métodos Foram incluídas gestantes de feto único com idade inferior a 20 semanas de uma população geral em unidades de saúde não hospitalares. Seus filhos foram avaliados ao nascimento e no segundo ou terceiro anos de vida. Os recém-nascidos tiveram seus percentis de peso calculados para ambas as curvas. Sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN) e área sob a curva ROC (ROC-AUC) foram calculados para desfechos perinatais e atraso de neurodesenvolvimento considerando o peso ao nascimento menor que o percentil 3 como ponto de corte. Resultados Um total de 967 crianças foram avaliadas ao nascimento e no segundo ou terceiro anos de vida. A idade gestacional ao nascer foi de 39,3 (±3,6) semanas e o peso ao nascimento foi de 3.215,0 (±588,0) g. INT e FMF classificaram 19 (2,4%) e49 (5,7%) recém-nascidos abaixo do percentil 3, respectivamente. A prevalência de parto prétermo, intubação traqueal > 24 horas nos primeiros três meses de vida, Apgar de 5° minuto < 7, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (internação em UTIN), taxa de cesariana e atraso de neurodesenvolvimento foi 9,3%, 3,3%, 1,3%, 5,9%, 38,9% e 7,3% respectivamente. Em geral, o percentil 3 de ambas as curvas apresentou baixa sensibilidade e VPP e alta especificidade e VPN. O percentil 3 de FMF mostrou sensibilidade superior para parto prematuro, internação em UTIN e taxa de cesariana. INT foi mais específico para todos os desfechos e apresentou maior VPP para o atraso do neurodesenvolvimento. Entretanto, exceto por uma pequena diferença na predição de parto pré-termo em favor de INT, as curvas ROC não mostraram diferenças na predição de resultados perinatais e de desenvolvimento neurológico. Conclusão O peso ao nascer abaixo do percentil 3 segundo INT ou FMF isoladamente foi insuficiente para um bom desempenho diagnóstico de desfechos perinatais e de neurodesenvolvimento. As análises realizadas não puderam mostrar que uma curva é melhor que a outra em nossa população. INT pode ter vantagem em cenários de contingência de recursos, pois discrimina menos recém-nascidos abaixo do percentil 3 sem aumentar os desfechos adversos.

Risk factors of extrauterine growth retardation in very preterm infants with birth weight less than 1 500 g / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the risk factors of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) during hospitalization in very preterm infants (VPIs) with birth weight (BW) <1 500 g.Methods:From Jan 2015 to Dec 2020, clinical data of VPIs admitted to neonatal department our hospital were retrospectively studied. The infants were assigned into EUGR group and non-EUGR group according to their weight at discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of EUGR in VPIs.Results:A total of 969 VPIs were enrolled, including 400 cases of EUGR (41.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Z-score of BW ( OR=0.057, 95% CI 0.037-0.088, P<0.001) was closely correlated with the occurrence of EUGR and growth velocity (GV) after regain BW ( OR=0.537, 95% CI 0.479-0.602, P<0.001) was a protective factor for EUGR. Maternal hypertension during pregnancy ( OR=1.895, 95% CI 1.059-3.394, P=0.031), asphyxia at birth ( OR=2.508, 95% CI 1.265-3.347, P=0.004) and moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) ( OR=2.660, 95% CI 1.503-4.708, P=0.001) were risk factors for EUGR at discharge. Conclusions:EUGR is still common in VPIs. Increased GV after regain BW, prevention and treatment of moderate to severe BPD may reduce the incidence of EUGR at discharge in VPIs.

SSBP1 mutation-induced autosomal dominant optic atrophy with chronic renal insufficiency: a case report and literature review / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The data of a patient with autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) and chronic renal insufficiency caused by SSBP1 gene mutation in the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in July 2021 was analyzed retrospectively.Literature was reviewed.The patient was a 10-year-old girl, who visited the hospital due to " growth retardation for the past 3 years and elevated serum creatinine (Scr) for the past 2 years" . On admission, the patient′s height was 130 cm (<10 th percentile of the same sex of healthy age) and her weight was 22 kg (<3 rd precentile of the same sex of healthy age). Lab examination showed that the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was 16.3 mmol/L, Scr was 115.4 μmol/L, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was 41 mL/(min·1.73 m 2). The patient was complicated with metabolic acidosis and mild anemia.Imaging findings showed small volume of both kidneys, increased background parenchymal enhancement, scattered spot-like hyperechoes and unclear boundary between the cortex and medulla.Additionally, the patient had a history of optic atrophy.Both the father and mother of the patient had no related phenotypes.The genetic test of the patient showed that c. 320G>A (p.R107Q) was a heterozygous missense mutation, which was spontaneous.A total of 5 English papers were retrieved.There were 8 kinds of SSBP1 gene mutations reported, including 7 heterozygous missense mutations [c.320G>A (p.Arg107Gln), c.119G>T (p.Gly40Val), c.331G>C (p.Glu111Gln), c.184A>G (p.Asn62Asp), c.113G>A (p.Arg38Gln), c.422G>A (p.Ser141Asn), c.79G>A (p.Glu27Lys)] and 1 homozygous mutation [c.394A>G (p.Ile132Val)]. Studies have established that almost all patients carrying SSBP1 mutations have manifestations of eye involvement, and that some patients are complicated with progressive deterioration of renal function, sensorineural deafness, growth retardation, and hypothyroidism.It suggests that SSBP1 gene mutation can cause ADOA.For patients with optic atrophy, whether they are complicated with hearing loss and growth retardation, renal morphology and renal function evaluation are recommended.Early genetic examination is helpful for diagnosis and treatment.

Nutritional status and its influencing factors in children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the nutritional status and its influencing factors in children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children who were diagnosed with IBD for the first time in Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021. Diagnostic delay was defined as the time from the symptom onset to IBD diagnosis being in the upper quartile (P76-P100) of all IBD children in the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for emaciation and growth retardation.@*RESULTS@#A total of 125 children with newly diagnosed IBD were included, with Crohn's disease being the main type (91.2%). The rates of emaciation and growth retardation were 42.4% (53 cases) and 7.2% (9 cases), respectively, and the rate of anemia was 77.6% (97 cases). Diagnostic delay was noted in 31 children (24.8%), with the time from the symptom onset to IBD diagnosis of 366 to 7 211 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diagnostic delay was a risk factor for emaciation and growth retardation (OR=2.73 and OR=4.42, respectively; P<0.05) and that age was positively associated with emaciation (OR=1.30, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Children with newly diagnosed IBD have poor nutritional status, and the rates of anemia, emaciation, and growth retardation are high. Diagnostic delay is associated with malnutrition in children with IBD.

Displasia broncopulmonar y severa restricción del crecimiento intrauterino en neonato de 850 gramos al nacer

Introducción: La displasia broncopulmonar es una enfermedad pulmonar crónica de inicio en edad neonatal. La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino se define como fracaso del feto para alcanzar su potencial de crecimiento genéticamente determinado. Objetivo: Describir el manejo interdisciplinario de la displasia broncopulmonar y revisar la literatura sobre el tema. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un neonato hijo de madre adolescente producto de su primera gestación, la cual llevó un adecuado control prenatal. Presentó restricción del crecimiento intrauterino grado IV caracterizada por alteraciones en el ultrasonido Doppler en relación con insuficiencia placentaria severa y oligohidramnios, motivo por el cual se interrumpe el embarazo por parto distócico por cesárea a las 34+1 semanas, con bolsa rota al nacer, líquido amniótico claro y muy escaso. Nace en buenas condiciones clínicas con 850 gramos de peso. En los primeros días de vida, comenzó con manifestaciones clínicas de sepsis; se diagnosticó enterocolitis necrotizante luego presentó un súbito deterioro clínico debido a la aparición de hemorragia pulmonar. Con 695 gramos de peso, se inició tratamiento con ventilación mecánica invasiva, la cual se prolongó por un período de 30 días. Después del destete de la ventilación mecánica, el niño mantuvo una dependencia del oxígeno durante 71 días más; como manifestación de la displasia broncopulmonar. Se realizaron interconsultas con especialistas en Cardiología, Hematología, Imagenología, Nutrición, Inmunología y Genética; y, en colectivo, se decidió, la terapéutica desarrollada. El neonato evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Conclusiones: Se mostró el manejo interdisciplinario de la displasia broncopulmonar. Se consultó la bibliografía actualizada.

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease of neonatal age onset. Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as failure of the fetus to reach its genetically determined growth potential. Objective: To describe the interdisciplinary management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and review the literature on the subject. Case report: The case of a newborn son of an adolescent mother, product of her first pregnancy, which had an adequate prenatal control, is presented. She presented grade IV intrauterine growth restriction characterized by alterations in the Doppler ultrasound in relation to severe placental insufficiency and oligohydramnios, which is why the pregnancy was terminated due to dystocic delivery by cesarean section at 34+1 weeks, with a ruptured bag at birth, liquid clear and very scanty amniotic. He was born in good clinical condition with a weight of 850 grams. In the first days of life, he began with clinical manifestations of sepsis; necrotizing enterocolitis was diagnosed, then he presented a sudden clinical deterioration due to the appearance of pulmonary hemorrhage. Weighing 695 grams, treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation was started, which lasted for a period of 30 days. After weaning from mechanical ventilation, the child remained oxygen dependent for a further 71 days; as a manifestation of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Interconsultations were made with specialists in Cardiology, Hematology, Imaging, Nutrition, Immunology and Genetics; and, collectively, it was decided, the therapy developed. The neonate evolved satisfactorily. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was shown. The updated literature was consulted.

Maternal, obstetric, and fetal Doppler characteristics in a high-risk population: prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes and of cesarean section due to intrapartum fetal compromise / Características maternas, obstétricas e do Doppler fetal em uma população de alto risco: predição de desfechos perinatais adversos e de cesariana por comprometimento fetal intraparto

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the capacity of fetal Doppler, maternal, and obstetric characteristics for the prediction of cesarean section due to intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC), a 5-min Apgar score < 7, and an adverse perinatal outcome (APO), in a high-risk population. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study involving 613 singleton pregnant women, admitted for labor induction or at the beginning of spontaneous labor, who underwent Doppler ultrasound within the last 72 h before delivery. The outcome measures were cesarean section due to IFC, a 5-min Apgar score < 7, and any APO. Results: We found that maternal characteristics were neither associated with nor predictors of an APO. Abnormal umbilical artery (UA) resistance index (RI) and the need for intrauterine resuscitation were found to be significant risk factors for cesarean section due to IFC (p = 0.03 and p < 0.0001, respectively). A UA RI > the 95th percentile and a cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) < 0.98 were also found to be predictors of cesarean section due to IFC. Gestational age and a UA RI > 0.84 were found to be predictors of a 5-min Apgar score < 7 for newborns at < 29 and ≥ 29 weeks, respectively. The UA RI and CPR presented moderate accuracy in predicting an APO, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.76 and 0.72, respectively. Conclusion: A high UA RI appears to be a significant predictor of an APO. The CPR seems to be predictive of cesarean section due to IFC and of an APO in late preterm and term newborns.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade do Doppler fetal e características materno-obstétricas na predição de cesariana por comprometimento fetal intraparto (CFI), índice de Apgar de 5º min < 7 e desfecho perinatal adverso (DPA) em uma população de alto risco. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo envolvendo 613 parturientes admitidas para indução ou em início de trabalho de parto espontâneo que realizaram ultrassonografia Doppler nas 72 horas anteriores ao parto. Os desfechos foram cesariana por CFI, índice de Apgar de 5º min < 7 e DPA. Resultados: As características maternas não foram associadas nem preditoras de DPA. Índice de resistência (IR) da artéria umbilical anormal (p = 0,03) e necessidade de medidas de ressuscitação intrauterina (p < 0,0001) permaneceram como fatores de risco significativos para cesariana por CFI. IR AU > 95º e razão cerebroplacentária (RCP) < 0,98 foram preditores de cesariana. Idade gestacional e IR AU > 0,84 foram os preditores de índice de Apgar de 5º min < 7 para recém-nascidos < 29 e ≥ 29 semanas, respectivamente. IR AU e RCP apresentaram acurácia moderada na predição de DPA (área sob a curva ROC de 0,76 e 0,72, respectivamente). Conclusão: IR UA mostrou-se preditor significativo de DPA. RCP revelou-se possível preditora de cesariana por CFI e DPA em recémnascidos prematuros tardios e a termo.

Factores de riesgo relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer

La reducción del bajo peso al nacer es importante para obtener mejores resultados en la mortalidad infantil. Por eso nos planteamos el objetivo de: identificar los factores asociados con el riesgo de bajo peso al nacer, por su incremento en el municipio Río Cauto. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, que incluyó a 51 gestantes que tuvieron recién nacidos con bajo peso al nacer de enero a diciembre del año 2022. Se utilizaron las variables: edad gestacional en el momento del parto, áreas de salud, peso de los nacidos vivos y por grupos de edad materna, paridad y patologías detectadas durante el embarazo. Hubo 528 nacidos vivos y 51 tuvieron un peso inferior a 2500 gramos, con un índice de (9.66 %); el parto pretérmino predominó en el Policlínico "Camilo Cienfuegos" con 5 neonatos (5.00 %) y el crecimiento intrauterino retardado en el Policlínico "Ernesto Guevara" con 14 nacimientos (9.03 %); el mayor por ciento de bajo peso ocurrió de 20 a 34 años de edad, 35 (68.63 %), donde sobresalió el policlínico "Máximo Gómez" con 18 (75 %). En los nacimientos por grupo de edades, el índice de bajo peso fue mayor en pacientes menores de 20 años, 14 (12.84 %). En el bajo peso predominaron: las nulíparas en 25 nacimientos (49.02 %), la anemia y embarazo 27 (52.94 %) y el síndrome de flujo vaginal 20 (39.22).

Summary Reducing low birth weight is important for better outcomes in infant mortality. That is why we set ourselves the objective of: identifying the factors associated with the risk of low birth weight, due to its increase in Río Cauto. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, which included 51 pregnant women who had low birth weight newborns from January to December 2022. The following variables were used: gestational age at the time of delivery, health areas, live birth weight and maternal age groups, parity and pathologies detected during pregnancy. There were 528 live births and 51 had a weight of less than 2500 grams, with a rate of (9.66%); preterm delivery predominated at the Camilo Cienfuegos Polyclinic with 5 neonates (5.00%) and intrauterine growth retardation at the Ernesto Guevara Polyclinic with 14 births (9.03%); The highest percentage of underweight occurred between 20 and 34 years of age, 35 (68.63%), where the Máximo Gómez 18 polyclinic (75%) stood out. In births by age group, the rate of low birth weight was higher in patients under 20 years of age, 14 (12.84%). Nulliparous women predominated in 25 births (49.02%), anemia and pregnancy in 27 (52.94%), and vaginal discharge syndrome in 20 (39.22).

A redução do baixo peso ao nascer é importante para melhores desfechos na mortalidade infantil. Por isso, nos propusemos a identificar os fatores associados ao risco de baixo peso ao nascer, devido ao seu aumento no Rio Cauto. Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo, que incluiu 51 gestantes que tiveram recém-nascidos de baixo peso ao nascer no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2022. As seguintes variáveis foram utilizadas: idade gestacional no momento do parto, áreas de saúde, peso ao vivo e faixas etárias maternas, paridade e patologias detectadas durante a gestação. Foram 528 nascidos vivos e 51 com peso inferior a 2500 gramas, com taxa de (9,66%); predomínio de parto pré-termo na Policlínica Camilo Cienfuegos com 5 neonatos (5,00%) e retardo de crescimento intrauterino na Policlínica Ernesto Guevara com 14 nascimentos (9,03%); O maior percentual de baixo peso ocorreu entre 20 e 34 anos de idade, 35 (68,63%), onde se destacou a policlínica Máximo Gómez 18 (75%). Nos nascimentos por faixa etária, a taxa de baixo peso ao nascer foi maior nas pacientes com menos de 20 anos, 14 (12,84%). Nulíparas predominaram em 25 partos (49,02%), anemia e gravidez em 27 (52,94%) e síndrome do corrimento vaginal em 20 (39,22).

Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y enfermedades no transmisibles durante las edades pediátricas

Introducción: En la aparición de las enfermedades crónicas durante las edades pediátricas y la adolescencia, la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino se considera un factor clave. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y las enfermedades no trasmisibles durante las edades pediátricas. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa con búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, SciELO, LILACS y Google académico en los últimos cinco años sobre el tema que se trata. Se examinaron artículos originales, de revisión y capítulos de libros. Se utilizaron las palabras clave: retardo del crecimiento fetal, factores de riesgo cardiometabólicoy atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia. Se descartaron aquellos artículos no pertinentes o que tuvieran deficiencias metodológicas notables. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Se expusieron las definiciones de "pequeño para la edad gestacional" y "restricción del crecimiento intrauterino", se mostró la clasificación más actualizada, se mencionaron las enfermedades que aparecen en la infancia en estos recién nacidos de riesgo y se señalaron sus mecanismos. Conclusiones: El antecedente de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino se relaciona con alteraciones del crecimiento pondoestatural, del neurodesarrollo; el síndrome metabólico; las afecciones cardiovasculares; las enfermedades endocrinas, hepáticas, respiratorias, del sistema inmunológico y renales, los trastornos auditivos y de la visión. Estas afecciones se presentan en etapas tempranas de la vida como la infancia y la adolescencia.

Introduction: In the occurrence of chronic diseases during pediatric ages and adolescence, intrauterine growth restriction is considered a key factor. Objective: To determine the relationship between intrauterine growth restriction and noncommunicable diseases during pediatric ages. Methods: A narrative review was performed with a literature search in Pubmed, SciELO, LILACS and Google Scholar in the last five years on the topic under discussion. Original articles, review articles and book chapters were examined. The keywords used were: fetal growth retardation, cardiometabolic risk factors, integrated care for prevalent childhood diseases. Articles that were not relevant or had notable methodological deficiencies were discarded. Analysis and synthesis of the information: The definitions of "small for gestational age" and "intrauterine growth restriction" were exposed, the most updated classification was shown, the diseases that appear during infancy in these at-risk newborns were mentioned and their mechanisms were pointed out. Conclusions: The history of intrauterine growth restriction is related to alterations of pondoestatural growth, neurodevelopment, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular conditions, endocrine, hepatic, respiratory, immune system, renal, hearing and vision disorders. These conditions surface in early stages of life such as infancy and adolescence.

Current status and prospect of pravastatin in pregnancy / 中华围产医学杂志

Cholesterol-lowing statins such as pravastatin have been contraindicated in pregnant women for a long time, but recent clinical evidence has demonstrated its safety. Studies have found that pravastatin can correct the imbalance in angiogenesis, reduce vascular inflammation and improve the conditions in patients with placental and maternal vascular dysfunction-related diseases, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and antiphospholipid syndrome. However, universal administration of pravastatin in pregnancy still requires more evidence on its safety from human clinical trials with larger sample sizes. This article reviews the current situation and prospect of pravastatin in pregnancy.

Massive subchorionic thrombohematoma at umbilical cord insertion: a case report / 中华围产医学杂志

This article reported the management and outcome of a pregnant woman diagnosed with massive subchorionic thrombohematoma at the umbilical cord insertion. The patient was found to have a large placental hematoma below the insertion site of the umbilical cord at 28 weeks of gestation by ultrasound and MRI. Fetal growth and the condition of the placenta were closely monitored thereafter. The patient was delivered with good maternal and infant outcomes through emergency cesarean section at 33 +5 weeks of gestation due to a significantly enlarged hematoma with abnormal umbilical blood flow.

Effects of selective feticide by radiofrequency ablation and risk factors for prognosis in 75 twins complicated by selective intrauterine growth restriction / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the effects of selective feticide by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and the risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in twins complicated by selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) and evaluate the neurodevelopment in live births during a short-term follow-up.Methods:This study retrospectively enrolled 75 twins with sIUGR who underwent RFA for selective feticide and were delivered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2022. According to the gestational age at the procedure, they were divided into three groups including 16-19 +6 weeks of gestation (Group A, n=16), 20-23 +6 weeks of gestation (Group B, n=44) and ≥24 weeks of gestation (Group C, n=15). They were also grouped according to the presence or absence of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS): sIUGR with TTTS group ( n=36) and isolated sIUGR group ( n=39). The 39 cases in the isolated sIUGR group were further divided into three groups according to the Doppler flow in the smaller co-twin: type Ⅰ ( n=3), type Ⅱ ( n=27) and type Ⅲ ( n=9). According to pregnancy outcomes, the 75 cases were divided into adverse pregnancy outcome group ( n=49) and non-adverse pregnancy outcome group ( n=26). Statistical analysis was performed using two independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance and LSD test, nonparametric test and Nemenyi test, as well as Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test to compare the difference in clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes among groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Log-rank test were used to analyze the duration of pregnancy after the procedure. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results:(1) The gestational age at the time of procedure was (21.9±2.3) weeks (16.6-26.0 weeks) for all cases. The intertwin estimated fetal weight discordance (ΔEFW) was less and the duration of RFA was shorter in group A than in group B or C [(27.8±8.4)% vs (36.2±12.0)% and (39.8±15.5)%; 7 min (5-14 min) vs 10 min (5-16 min) and 12 min (8-18 min); LSD test or Nemenyi test, P<0.017]. The incidence of TTTS was higher in group A than in group B or C [12/16 vs 43% (19/44) and 5/15; Bonferroni correction, P<0.017]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of premature rupture of membrane, spontaneous abortion, fetal demise, premature delivery and gestational age at delivery between Group A, B and C (all P>0.05). (2) Compared with the isolated sIUGR group, the sIUGR with TTTS group showed less ΔEFW [(29.6±11.4)% vs (40.1±11.8)%, t=3.88, P<0.001], higher incidence of premature rupture of membrane [47% (17/36) vs 21% (8/39), χ2=6.01, P=0.014], lower rate of live births [69% (25/36) vs 95%(37/39), χ2=8.45, P=0.004] and earlier delivery [34.1 weeks (26.7-40.7 weeks) vs 38.0 weeks (29.3-40.0 weeks), Z=311.50, P=0.018]. (3) There was no significant difference in the incidence of premature rupture of membrane, live birth rate or 30-day survival rate among the sIUGR type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups (all P>0.05). (4) sIUGR complicated by TTTS was a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes of the co-twin after the procedure ( OR=3.94, 95% CI: 1.40-11.10, P=0.010). (5) Thirteen co-twins presented with cardiac enlargement, myocardial hypertrophy or/and tricuspid regurgitation in routine ultrasound scans before the procedure and nine of them had TTTS. Among them, eight live births were followed up for one month to 4.5 years of age and no abnormality in cardiac function was reported. (6) There were overall 62 live births. Apart from two cases of neonatal death and four lost to follow-up, the other 56 cases were followed up to one month to 5 years of age and two premature infants showed gross motor retardation. Conclusions:The gestational age at RFA has no significant impact on pregnancy outcomes, while sIUGR complicated by TTTS may increase the risk of adverse outcomes after the procedure. After RFA, the overall survival rate of the co-twin in pregnancies with sIUGR is high and no severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities has been found during a short-term follow-up.

Family report of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome in twins / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical manifestations and genetic characteristics of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) to improve the ability of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease.Methods:The clinical features and auxiliary examinations and treatment of a proband with WHS caused by microdeletion of 4p16.3 segment who admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in December 2021 were recorded, and whole exome sequencing (WES) of the family was performed. The prognosis was followed up.Results:The female proband, 11 months old, presented with convulsions at the age of 8 months, with the characteristics of heat sensitivity and cluster seizures, and her identical twin sister had a similar medical history. Physical examination found malnutrition, retarded development, special face, prominent forehead, wide nasal bridge, small jaw, precordial murmur and grade 3/6 murmur in the whole period, hyperactivity of P2, and low limb muscle tone. The whole exon and copy number variation (CNV) test of the family revealed that the proband had a 1.99 Mb heterozygous deletion in the chromosome 4p16.3 segment, including WHSC1 (NSD2), WHSC2 (NEFLA) and other genes. Copy number variation sequencing (CNV-Seq) of the proband and her sister showed 1.97 and 1.92 Mb heterozygous deletion of chromosome 4p16.3, respectively. Genealogical analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that the CNV was de novo, and it was determined to be a pathogenic variant according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. The proband took sodium valproate orally, and her sister took oral sodium valproate, zonisamide, and levetiracetam successively, and at the same time they received family rehabilitation training. The age at the last follow-up was 1 year and 8 months. Neither of them had convulsions again in the past 3 months, but the developmental delay was obvious. Conclusion:WHS patients may present with growth retardation, epilepsy, Greek warrior helmet-like special face, and congenital heart disease, and may have microdeletions in the chromosome 4p16.3 segment.

Hidatidosis esplénica gigante primaria en una gestante: reporte de caso / Primary giant splenic hydatid disease in a pregnant woman: case report

La hidatidosis es considerada en la actualidad como un problema de salud pública en el Perú. Es una infección parasitaria trasmitida por la ingesta de huevos de Echinococcus granulosus y los órganos más comprometidos son el hígado y los pulmones, siendo rara la afectación del bazo. Presentamos el caso de una gestante joven con dolor abdominal y sensación de masa en hipocondrio izquierdo. El estudio ecográfico reveló imagen quística multitabicada en hemiabdomen izquierdo, con feto viable. Se le realizó cesárea, seguido de laparotomía exploratoria y se halló una tumoración gigante de bazo que, según el estudio anatomopatológico corresponde a una hidatidosis esplénica multiquística. Asimismo, como complicación fetal ocurrió restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente sin recurrencia de focos hidatídicos, mientras que el neonato mostró un patrón de crecimiento adecuado.

Hydatidosis is currently considered a public health problem in Peru. It is a parasitic infection transmitted by the ingestion of eggs of Echinococcus granulosus. The most involved organs are the liver and lungs, with spleen involvement being rare. We present the case of a young pregnant woman with abdominal pain and a sensation of mass in the left hypochondrium. The ultrasound study revealed a multiloculated cystic image in the left hemiabdomen, and a viable fetus. She underwent cesarean section, followed by exploratory laparotomy, which revealed a giant spleen tumor that, according to the anatomopathological study, corresponded to multicystic splenic hydatid disease. Likewise, intrauterine growth restriction was found as a fetal complication. The patient progressed favorably without recurrence of hydatid foci and the neonate had an adequate growth pattern.

CLINICAL AND CYTOGENETICS ANALYSIS OF WOMEN THAT WERE SUSPECTED FOR TURNER SYNDROME IDENTIFIED AS 19.8% CHROMOSOMALABNORMALITY IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

Purpose: The objective of present study was to know the contribution of different types chromosomal anomalies in manifestation of Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder mainly due to growth retardation and primary amenorrhoea. Cytogenetic analysis of cases referred for Turner syndrome is necessary for an early diagnosis which helps in genetic counselling to manage it in a better way. Total 237 cases suspected for Methods: Turner syndrome, were included in this study for duration of 7 years (2007-2014). We implemented the standard protocol for peripheral whole blood lymphocyte culture, chromosome preparation followed by G-banding. Chromosomes were analysed according to the guidelines of International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2005). After analysing 237 Results: registered cases, chromosomal anomalies were seen only in 47 cases (19.8%). Careful clinical examination of patients with abnormal karyotype (n=47) revealed four major phenotypes i.e. growth retardation (n=19, 40.4%), primary amenorrhoea (n=19, 40.4%), primary amenorrhoea with growth retardation (n=6, 12.8%), and oligoamenorrhoea (n=3, 6.4%). Seven different types of chromosomal abnormalities were observed viz. Monosomy X (n=22, 46.8%), triple X syndrome (n=2, 4.2%), turner mosaic (n=3, 6.4%), ring chromosome (n=5, 10.6%), structural abnormalities with X chromosome (n=6, 12.8%), mosaic structural X abnormality (n=1, 2.1%), XY gonadal dysgenesis (n=8, 17%). This study revealed the frequency of Conclusion: most common clinical phenotype and different chromosomal abnormalities in patients suspected for turner syndrome. We observed growth retardation and primary amenorrhoea as most common clinical feature and monosomy of X chromosome as most frequent chromosomal abnormality in this cohort of study.

Supresión de la visita de tercer trimestre en embarazo de bajo riesgo en la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 / Third trimester suppression in low-risk pregnancy in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Resumen Objetivo: La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 ha obligado a una reorganización de las visitas presenciales, y por ese motivo se han minimizado hasta el punto de reconsiderar la realización de la visita del tercer trimestre. Nuestro centro suprimió dicha visita obstétrica y obtuvo datos propios para comparar los resultados perinatales logrados con dicho manejo. Método: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, en marzo de 2020, con una cohorte con visita presencial única en la semana 40 de gestación (122 gestantes) frente a una cohorte con seguimiento convencional con visita presencial en la semana 36 de gestación (162 gestantes). Se evaluaron la restricción del crecimiento fetal, la edad gestacional al nacimiento, el peso neonatal y las tasas de inducciones, partos eutócicos y cesáreas urgentes en trabajo de parto. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias leves en la tasa de nuliparidad (p < 0,04), sin hallarlas en el resto de las variables maternas. No hubo diferencias entre las dos cohortes en los resultados neonatales. Conclusiones: No hay diferencias entre los resultados materno-fetales obtenidos en gestantes con seguimiento gestacional con restricción de la visita del tercer trimestre respecto del seguimiento tradicional, excepto en el diagnóstico de las alteraciones de la estática fetal al término de la gestación.

Abstract Objective: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced a reorganization of face-to-face visits, for this reason they have been minimized to the point of reconsidering the completion of the third trimester visit. Our center eliminated the performance of this obstetric visit and obtained its own data to compare the perinatal results obtained with such management. Method: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in March 2020, with a cohort with a single face-to-face visit at 40th week of gestation (122 pregnant women), versus a cohort with conventional follow-up with face-to-face visit at 36th week of gestation (162 pregnant women). The following were evaluated fetal growth restriction, gestational age at birth, neonatal weight, rate of inductions, of eutocic deliveries, and of urgent cesarean sections in labor. Results: Slight differences were found in the nulliparity rate (p < 0.04), without finding them in the rest of the maternal variables. There were no differences between the two cohorts in neonatal outcomes. Conclusions: There were no differences between the maternal-fetal results obtained in pregnant women with gestational follow-up with restriction of the third trimester visit compared to traditional follow-up, except in the diagnosis of alterations in fetal statics at the end of pregnancy.

Study Of Maternal Near Miss Events At The Tertiary Care Hospital

Background:A maternal near miss case is defined as a “a woman who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy,child birth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy”1.MMR is defined as ratio of number of maternal deaths per 1000 live births. All pregnant women deserve a good quality of care especially Emergency Obstetric Care including proper infrastructure, human resources that can detect and manage such complications earliest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the causes of maternal near miss cases, various management modalities performed and maternal and fetal outcome in near miss cases. Material And Methods:A retrospective study was carried out in obstetrics and gynaecology department of SCL municipal general hospital, Ahmedabad for identification of MNM as per MNM-R operational guidelines (2014) in a tertiary care hospital from August 2020 to March 2022. Result:Total deliveries during our study period were 9266 out of which 535 number of patients developed complications, 75 patients ended up becoming near miss cases and 30 maternal mortalities were observed.Hypertensive disorders (38.6%) followed by severe anemia (18.6%) and haemorrhage (13.3%) were the commonest underlying causes leading to MNM. More than one management modality was followed in one case. 25% of patients required blood transfusion. Out of which 11 patients required massive blood transfusion (>5 units of blood) and 16% of patients required blood products along with blood resulting from either severe anemia or altered coagulopathy (DIC). 69.3% of patients required ICU stay of <5 days and majority of patients required hospital stay of 9-14 days.63.6% of patients required ICU stay of 1-4 days.Live birth rate was 82.6%.Conclusion:Maternal health is the direct indicator of prevailing health status in a country. Reduction in maternal mortality is one of the targets of MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS13for 2015 but in spite of full efforts by all the health care professionals, it still remains a challenge in developing countries.There should be prompt and proper management of high-risk groups by frequent antenatal visits. Aggressive management of each complication and close monitoring of women in labour, decision making in mode and time of termination of pregnancy are important to prevent further complications.

La salud gestacional y su relación con la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino / Gestational health and its relationship with intrauterine growth restriction

RESUMEN Introducción: La frecuencia de infantes que durante el desarrollo intrauterino experimentan restricción del crecimiento es alta y su mayor incidencia está en los países en desarrollo, entre los que Latinoamérica y el Caribe alcanzan prevalencia del 10 %. Objetivo: Identificar la relación que existe entre la anemia, las alteraciones de la tensión arterial y la disglicemia, con la restricción del crecimiento fetal. Métodos: Se realizó estudio longitudinal descriptivo y retrospectivo de gestantes captadas en dos áreas de salud del municipio Santa Clara, que terminaron su embarazo entre septiembre del 2013 y octubre del 2018. Los recién nacidos presentaron restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. La muestra se clasificó en: pequeños y adecuados, según condición trófica al nacimiento. En cada grupo se estudió la relación de estas afecciones en los que se sospechó un vínculo con el fenómeno de restricción. Resultados: Los niños que presentaron restricción del crecimiento fetal se clasificaron, según su condición trófica, en adecuados; no se apreciaron relaciones significativas entre la anemia, la diabetes gestacional y la hipertensión arterial con la presencia de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Conclusiones: esta afección no estuvo relacionada con la salud de las gestantes portadoras en dos áreas de salud del municipio Santa Clara.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the frequency of infants experiencing growth restriction during intrauterine development is high and its highest incidence is in developing countries, among which Latin America and the Caribbean reach a prevalence of 10%. Objective: to identify the relationship among anemia, blood pressure changes and dysglycemia, with fetal growth restriction. Methods: we conducted a descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study of pregnant women recruited in two health areas from Santa Clara municipality, who ended their pregnancy between September 2013 and October 2018 and in whom the newborns had intrauterine growth restriction. The sample was classified as small and adequate, according to their trophic condition at birth. The relation of these conditions in which a link with the restriction phenomenon was suspected was studied in each group. Results: children who had fetal growth restriction were classified, according to their trophic condition, as adequate; no significant relationships were found among anemia, gestational diabetes and arterial hypertension with the presence of intrauterine growth restriction. Conclusions: this condition was not related to the health of the pregnant women belonging to these two health areas from Santa Clara municipality.